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Absorption is a mass transfer process in which a solvent is used to remove one or more gaseous components from a gas stream. This process can be either physical, where gases dissolve in the solvent without reaction, or chemical, where the absorbed gases react with the solvent. Absorption is widely applied in industries to purify gases, recover valuable components, or control emissions. An absorption column enhances the efficiency of this process by providing a large contact surface between gas and liquid phases, ensuring better interaction and transfer. Common types include packed and tray columns, both designed to maximize absorption performance.